Do Dogs Hold Grudges?

As dog parents, we need to do the necessary scolding once in a while when our dogs act up or misbehave. And a lot of us feel badly about doing so even when necessary. And we walk away and sometimes wonder if our dogs will remember past slights or harbor resentment after a scolding. In other words, “Do dogs hold grudges?"

This question really taps into a larger understanding about how deeply dogs feel and remember emotional experiences. While dogs are known for their loyalty and affectionate nature, some of their behaviors, such as avoiding eye contact or withdrawing after a punishment, might make it seem like they're upset or holding a grudge.

There are many different facets to answer this question:

Do Dogs Remember When You Upset Them?

Dogs have excellent associative memories. They may not remember an event exactly as humans do, but they associate actions with consequences. If you raise your voice or punish your dog, he or she might not remember the exact incident later, but your pup remember that certain tones or actions led to an unpleasant outcome.

This means your dog isn't really holding a grudge as much as he or she is reacting to situation. So, if your dog shies away after you step on his paw or accidentally startle him, it doesn’t necessarily mean that your pup is resentful, but instead that he remembers that the incident made him feel unsafe. This also answers a common question most of us want to know: do dogs remember being yelled at? The answer is yes, but not in the same way humans would.

And, of course, being yelled at is never a constructive response to anything your dog does.

Canine Memory Works Differently from Human Memory

Unlike humans, who can recall specific events and dwell on emotional grievances, dogs live much more in the moment. Their memory system is more episodic and emotional than chronological. This makes it less likely that dogs are capable of holding true grudges.

Instead of plotting revenge or harboring resentment, dogs tend to focus on the now. If your dog reacts negatively to you after a bad experience, he’s learned association rather than bitterness. Therefore, dogs don’t tend to get mad at their human parents, it's more accurate to consider it a stress response tied to past dog emotions, not long-term resentment.

Do Dogs Get Angry?

Many of us might assume that dogs get angry the way we humans do. But, do dogs get angry in the same way? The answer is both yes and no. Dogs can certainly display behaviors that look like anger, such as growling, baring teeth, or even snapping, but these responses are usually fear-based or reactive, not fueled by emotion the way human anger is.

When a dog appears “mad,” he’s usually feeling threatened, frustrated, or confused. These emotional cues may lead to what looks like resentment, but they are more accurately described as protective or defensive behaviors. A dog that snarls after being punished isn’t angry as much as scared or anxious and unsure of how to respond.

Do Puppies Hold Grudges Too?

Puppies are even less likely to hold grudges than adult dogs. Their emotional and cognitive development is still in progress, so they tend to live completely in the moment. If a puppy acts upset or distant after a correction, it's more likely reacting to confusion or overstimulation than resentment. Consistent positive reinforcement and gentle redirection are key during this early stage, and clear, kind guidance is the best way to make your puppy feel safe and bonded

How Dogs Show Discomfort or Mistrust

Dogs that experience repeated negative interactions with the same person may start to act distant, wary, or even avoidant. While this can appear as a grudge, it’s really the dog’s way of protecting itself. If your dog hides under the table when a specific person visits, it’s likely because that person did something unsettling in the past, like stepping too close too quickly or speaking loudly.  

This doesn’t mean your dog dislikes them forever, it simply means the dog hasn’t yet relearned that the person is safe. With positive interactions over time, dogs can rebuild trust, showing that their behavior isn’t based on grudges, but on emotional learning.

So, if your dog is avoiding you or someone else, the answer lies more in trust than holding a grudge.  But, this trust can be regained over time.

Do Dogs Forgive Us?

Interestingly, dogs are incredibly resilient and forgiving animals. If you accidentally hurt or scare your dog, a sincere apology through calm speech, gentle petting, or a treat often goes a long way. Many dogs are quick to return to their normal loving behavior once they feel safe again. This ability to bounce back emotionally supports the idea that dogs do not hold grudges. They may momentarily withdraw or act cautious, but they tend to forgive easily, especially if the bond between you is strong.

How to Rebuild Trust with Your Dog

If your dog seems wary or distant after a negative interaction, it’s important to rebuild trust through positive reinforcement. Offer treats, affection, and calm behavior. Avoid yelling or harsh discipline, as this can damage your relationship further. Instead, focus on patience and consistency. Dogs thrive on routine and structure. When they feel secure in their environment and relationships, they’re far less likely to show behaviors that look like grudges. Understanding how to regain your dog’s trust is key to maintaining a healthy bond.

Do Dogs Hold Grudges Against Other Dogs or Pets?

Dog-to-dog relationships can also raise questions. If one dog growls at another, or they get into a fight, does the offended dog hold a grudge? Again, it’s unlikely. While dogs may remember aggressive encounters and become cautious around certain animals, they don’t stew over past fights. Most of the time, dogs reset their social behavior quickly, especially in structured environments like dog parks or multi-pet homes. Any ongoing tension is usually due to unresolved fear or competition, not emotional grudges.

Cats, on the other hand, might hold a grudge for a little while in a fear-based situation.

It's not that different from dogs responding positively to other dogs. This generally means that their association with this particular dog has been positive.

Dogs are smart intuitive animals. And while they will forgive you after a mild scolding or mishap, it is always best to practice positive reinforcement. Of course, there are times when a scolding is necessary. But you don’t have to feel guilty about it at as our dogs don’t tend to harbor resentment.